CHURCH AND STATE

 

By Gary Ray Branscome

 

          One of the biggest problems the church faces today is the secularization of government and society. And, the wedge being used to eliminate Christian influence from the public sector, effectively reducing Christians to second-class status, is the unbiblical claim that Church and State should be absolutely separate.

Those who disagree with what I have just said need to realize that when Martin Luther called for separation of church and state he wanted to prevent bishops from sentencing people to death, not exclude all Christian influence from government. The atheist doctrine of “separation of church and state,” is totally opposed to what Luther wanted, and to what the Bible teaches. For that reason we need to take a serious look at what God’s Word actually says.

 

First of all, the cliché, “separation of church and state,” is the word of man, not the word of God. You will not find those words anywhere in Scripture. The Bible passage usually cited, “Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar’s, and unto God the things which are God’s,” does not command us to separate anything (Luke 20:25). In fact, in that passage Christ’s words are an answer to a question, and an answer to a question is never imperative! A command for separation is being read into the text, contrary to the plain grammatical meaning of the words.  

          A truly Biblical understanding of church and state begins with a look at the government that God provided for the nation of Israel. That government was divided into two realms, one political, the other religious. The political realm was an instrument of God’s wrath; in the sense that God worked through it to judge His people, enforce His Law and punish crime. In contrast, the priesthood was an instrument of God’s mercy; in that God used it to show His people their sins, teach them the necessity of repentance, and give them His promise of mercy. Therefore, in ancient Israel church and state were separate; not separate in the modern sense – which would separate sacred from secular – but separate in the fact that they were separate institutions.

There was an official priesthood, which, by calling God’s people to repentance while giving them His promise of forgiveness, carried out the same function that the church does today. But, it was not a tax-supported “state church”. It is true that the people were to give a tithe. But, that was not a tax because it was not taken by force, and they were not punished by the government if it was not paid (Malachi 3:8). Furthermore, the fact that God provided for His church to be supported independently of the state, tells us that God does not want His churches to be supported by the state. Government should never be able to control the church by threatening to cut off its funds. At the same time, the fact that the priesthood was hereditary, tells us that rulers should not decide who can preach or hold church office.

 

          While Christian believers who have been chosen to fill governmental offices must not conceal or deny their faith, we cannot expect a pagan nation to follow the same rules, or be governed the same way as a nation that is officially Christian. The people need to see the benefit of the laws they are being asked to keep. Here is where wisdom is called for.

          The words, “When you come to the land which the LORD your God gives you, and you possess it, and live in it, and then say, I will set a ruler over me… you may not set a foreigner over you, who is not one of your brethren,” tell us that once a nation is Christian, God wants it ruled by Christians (Deuteronomy 17:14-15). But, that only applies to a nation that calls itself Christian. While any country can choose a Christian as its ruler; attempting to force a Christian ruler upon a nation of unbelievers would only produce resentment.

          The words, “When he [the ruler] sits on the throne of his government, he shall write down for himself in a book a copy of this law And he shall keep it with him, and read from it all the days of his life: that he may learn to fear the LORD his God,” tell us that God wants rulers to be guided by His Word (Deuteronomy 17:18-20). But here again, that rule would only be faithfully carried out by rulers who want to do the will of God.

 

          The words, “It seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these essential things; That you abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from sexual immorality: if you keep yourselves from these things, you will do well,” tell us that Christian rulers should never attempt to impose the laws of ancient Israel on any nation (Acts 15:28-29). At the same time, because rulers study and copy the laws of other nations, the English system of common law originated when King Alfred adopted a legal code that included the Ten Commandments along with other excerpts of Mosaic Law (871-899 A.D.). And, Blackstone’s commentaries on the laws of England (which grew out of King Alfred’s legal code) are basic to American jurisprudence. Referring to that Biblical influence upon our law, lawyer and columnist David Limbaugh once said, “Biblical laws were also foundational to our system of jurisprudence. In the Book of Exodus following the Ten Commandments are further laws, sometimes collectively referred to as the Book of the Covenant.  As a lawyer I was fascinated to discover just how much of our law - torts, contracts, property and criminal law - is obviously traceable to this section of scripture.” (From his column, used by permission.)

          The words, “When the Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, they show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness,” tell us that God has written His law on our heart (Romans 2:14-15). And, because the Ten Commandments summarize that law, every ruler should be guided by the Ten Commandments. At the same time, the freedom that we have in Christ allows us to apply those commandments in a way that is reasonable, and conforms to the customs and culture of our nation, without compromising morality. A Christian ruler should never compromise morality, or legitimatize sin.

 

          The words, “The weapons we fight with are not the weapons of the world, but through God they have the power to break down strongholds,” tell us that God’s church does not need the government behind it to triumph. (2Corinthians 10:4). In fact, the words, “The gates of hell will not prevail against it,” tell us that it will triumph in spite of persecution (Matthew 16:18). For that reason, when a formerly pagan nation [such as ancient Rome] does become Christian, we should regard it as a triumph of the gospel, and a gift of God.

          When a government makes Christianity the official religion, God’s people have a situation very similar to that which existed in ancient Israel under the kings. If that government uses its power to protect Christians, the Biblical admonition to pray, For kings, and for all who are in authority; so that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty,” tells us that protection is a blessing from God (1Timothy 2:2). When it comes to separating church and state, it is religious institutions and congregations that should be separate, not Christians. Those who trust in God (His heavenly kingdom) should be at work inside both church and state, like a hand in a glove, spreading Christian influence, and doing His will. And where that situation exists, if earthly rulers promote idolatry, then in the eyes of God it is no different than when the kings in ancient Israel promoted idolatry. Likewise, if earthly rulers suppress idolatry, then it is no different in the eyes of God than when the kings in ancient Israel suppressed idolatry. If earthly rulers do evil or promote evil, believers should condemn that evil. And, if church leaders are corrupt, or pawns of the state, believers should condemn that corruption like the prophets of old. Nevertheless, in all things they should act with prayer and wisdom.

 

          The Bible does not call for a specific form of government because every government can be corrupted by evil and selfish men. The words, “He [the ruler] shall write down for himself in a book a copy of this law And he shall keep it with him, and read from it,” tell us that the government that God gave Israel was a rudimentary republic [a government in which rulers must obey the law] (Deuteronomy 17:18-20). However, having a republican form of government is no guarantee of freedom. Having a republic in this land did not automatically bring freedom to the slaves, and our freedom is being slowly subverted. If we had true freedom, a Christian congressman could stand up in congress and say, “I am introducing this bill to stop abortion, because I believe that abortion is contrary to the Word of God,” and everyone would say, “Put it to a vote, he has just as much right to his opinion as anyone else”.  Rulers need to have a tender conscience before God, and Christians need to work within the system to hold rulers accountable when they do evil. “Luther wanted neither autocracy nor mobocracy, but 'lawocracy' book law, a constitution. He admired the ancient republics and Switzerland. If the Emperor broke the law, he was to be fought as a common robber.” (Lutheran Cyclopedia, page 598)

 

          The words, “We ought to obey God rather than men,” tell us that whenever rulers tell us to do evil we are not to comply (Acts 5:29). However, the words, “Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme; or to governors, as those sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of those who do right. For it is the will of God, that by doing good you may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men: Live as free men, without using your liberty as an excuse for evil, live as servants of God. Show proper respect to everyone. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king,” tell us that as long as the government is not telling us to do evil we should comply (1Peter 2:13-17). God wants you to “seek the welfare of the nation in which He has placed you, “for when it fares well it will be well with you” (Jeremiah 29:7).