WHOM THE CHURCH SHOULD BAPTIZE

 

By Gary Ray Branscome

 

          When an adult comes to us for baptism, we do not baptize them simply because they want baptism. Wanting baptism is not enough. The words, “He who believes and is baptized will be saved,” tell us that all who come must come believing that there is forgiveness in Christ (Mark 16:16). And, the words, “Without faith it is impossible to please God,” tell us that without faith baptism is incomplete (Hebrews 11:6). That is why Martin Luther said, “It is not baptism that justifies or benefits anyone, but it is faith in the word of promise, to which baptism is added. This faith justifies, and fulfils that which baptism signifies” (from “The Babylonian Captivity of the Church”).

          Furthermore, the Bible calls baptism a “baptism of repentance,” because those who believe that there is forgiveness in Christ must want forgiveness. Any man who wants to be baptized, but is not sorry for his sins, and does not want to give up his sinful lifestyle, does not want God to forgive his sin. Instead he wants God to accept his sin. However, that is something that God will never do! And, any church that does accept his sin is condemned by the words, He who justifies the wicked, and he that condemns the innocent, are both an abomination to the LORD. (Proverbs 17:15).

 

The words, “Repent, and be baptized… in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins,” // “Be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on the name of the Lord,” tell us that Christian baptism is a, “Baptism of repentance for the remission of sins” (Acts 2:38, Acts 22:16, Mark 1:4). While the words, “He who believes and is baptized will be saved,” // “Many of the Corinthians who heard believed, and were baptized,” // “When they believed Philipthey were baptized, both men and women,” and “the eunuch said, Look, here is water; what prevents me from being baptized? And Philip said, If you truly believe, you may,” tell us that Christian baptism is a baptism of believers (Mark 16:16, Acts 18:8, Acts 8:12 and 36-37). Repentance and faith go hand in hand. That is why Dr. Francis Pieper said:

 

“Scripture expressly points out that only such adults are to be baptized as have previously come to faith in Christ. Of those baptized on the First Pentecost we read: “Then they that gladly received his word were baptized” (Acts 2:41); and when the eunuch, having been instructed by Philip, desired Baptism, his wish was granted after he had confessed his faith in Christ (Acts 8:36-38).” [“CHRISTIAN DOGMATICS”, Volume 3, page 277.]


Infant Baptism

           Luther freely admitted that infant baptism is neither explicitly commanded or explicitly mentioned in Scripture. There are no ‘specific passages’ referring to infant baptism. The direct witness of Scripture is by itself not strong enough to provide an adequate basis for beginning infant baptism were it not already practiced.” (“THE THEOLOGY OF MARTIN LUTHER”, by Paul Althaus, page 361). Why then did Martin Luther vigorously defend infant baptism? That is a question that I will try to answer.

 

In order to understand the thinking behind Luther’s defense of infant baptism, we need to begin by comparing the words, “Be baptizedand you will receive the gift of the Holy Ghost,” with the words, God “has sealed us, and sent the Spirit into our hearts as a pledge” (Acts 2:38, 2Corinthians 1:21-22). Taken together, those passages tell us that baptism (and the “gift of the Holy Ghost” that accompanies it) is a “seal” of the righteousness that we have through faith in Christ. Comparing those passages with the words, Abraham, “received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith,” tells us that there is a clear parallel between baptism and circumcision (Romans 4:11). For that reason, Martin Luther saw baptism as the New Testament replacement for circumcision. Both were given as a “seal” of the righteousness that is ours through faith in Christ.

          That being understood, the words, “You shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it will be a token of the covenant between me and you. And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations,” tell us that even though circumcision was a “seal of the righteousness of the faith,” that Abraham had as an adult, God wanted the infant male offspring of Abraham to receive it (Genesis 17:11-12). In fact, Exodus 4:24-26 tells us that God was angry at Moses because he had not circumcised his son. All of that, coupled with the fact that infant baptism can be traced back to the earliest days of the Christian church, convinced Martin Luther that God wanted the infant offspring of believers baptized.

          Another fact that we need to consider is that Luther lived in a nation in which Christianity was the established religion. If the male offspring of Abraham had been allowed to wait until adulthood to decide if they wanted to be circumcised, in every generation there would have been some men who refused to be circumcised. And, if they refused, in most cases their sons would refuse. And, because more would join their ranks in every generation, there would come a time when much of the nation was uncircumcised. In saying that, I realize that the nation of Israel still had many problems, but because of circumcision the male infants grew up believing that they had a responsibility to seek God’s mercy and pass on the faith. In a similar vein, Luther realized that his country would quickly cease to be Christian, if Christian parents were not required to have their children baptized. Again, I realize that, like Israel, Europe and America have always had many problems. However, the millions of immigrants that spread across this land over a century ago, filling it with churches, were Christians because the nations that they came from were Christian.

          What I have just said, explains why Martin Luther saw the words, “Teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,” as requiring infant baptism (Matthew 28:19). Living in a country that was officially Christian, he believed that God wanted everyone in the nation baptized, just as God wanted everyone in Israel circumcised.

 

God’s Gift of Faith

          The words, “You are saved by grace through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God,” tell us that faith is a “gift of God” (Ephesians 2:8). And, the words, “The LORD your God will circumcise your heart, and the heart of your descendants,” tell us that God is fully able to give His gift of faith to infants (Deuteronomy 30:6). In fact, the words, “He [John the Baptist] will be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mother’s womb,” tell us that John the Baptist had faith in Christ before he was born (Luke 1:15). And, because he had faith, he “leaped in” the “womb for joy,” upon hearing the voice of the mother of his Savior (Luke 1:44).

.        

          The words, “Behold, I was formed in iniquity; and sinful when my mother conceived me,” tell us that infants are sinners from conception (Psalm 51:5). And, the words, “Sin entered the world by one man, and death by sin; so death passed upon all men, because all have sinned,” tell us that if infants were not sinners they would never die of natural causes (Romans 5:12). At the same time, the words, “The wicked are estranged from the womb,” tell us that the children of unbelievers are “estranged [from God] from the womb” (Psalm 58:3). As do the words, “We… were by nature the children of wrath,” (Ephesians 2:3).

          However, the fact that Jesus encouraged believing parents to bring their babies to Him, saying, “Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them: for of such is the kingdom of God,” tells us that those children had faith (Luke 18:15-17). We know they had faith because the words, “Without faith it is impossible to please God,” tell us that without faith they would not be included in “the kingdom of God” (Hebrews 11:6). And, the words, “He and all his house were baptized right away,” tell us that entire households were baptized (Acts 16:33). [See, 1Cor. 1:16, Acts 11:14, Acts 16:15, Acts 18:8.]

         

          When the children of believers die before baptism, we must commend them to God’s mercy, knowing that He is fully able to give them faith, just as He gave it to John the Baptist. However, I encourage parents to begin praying for their children while they are yet in the womb. Ask God to give them faith, and commit them to His care, knowing that “He is able to keep that which” you “have committed to Him” (2Timothy 1:12).

 

          If someone who is baptized does not have faith, and later comes to faith, he does not need to be rebaptized, because faith completes his baptism and makes it valid.

          Christians should never do anything underhanded like baptizing children without the knowledge or consent of their parents.

          The cultic idea that someone can be baptized in the place of someone else is as unscriptural as the idea that one person can believe for someone else. The words, “What shall they do which are baptized for the dead, KJV” are not talking about being baptized in place of someone else, but being baptized [i.e. becoming a Christian] in order to be reunited with a believing loved one who has passed on (1Corinthians 15:29). That verse could be paraphrased as saying “What will those who are baptized in the hope of being reunited with the dead do, if the dead do not actually rise? why are they baptized on account of them?” (1Cor. 15:29).