BIBLICAL ECONOMICS

Some Thoughts By

Gary Ray Branscome


At present, our world is a world divided by economic ideology, and the promise of economic prosperity is used to justify the control and enslavement of millions. On the one hand, socialists, unions, and large corporations strive to centralize power so the force of government can be used to stifle competition, finance indoctrination, or in other ways impose the will of an elite few on the nation. On the other hand, those who prefer freedom to the centralization of power are vilified as extremists, and forced into an activism that they do not really want, in order to defend their God-given rights.

          Since the truth is being twisted in support of economic ideology, a great deal of confusion exists about economics, even among Christian leaders. As a result, some of those leaders promote socialism, some oppose it, and others deny that the Bible has anything to say about economics. Nevertheless, because economic activity consists of human action – the action involved in the acquisition, use, and sale of property – the Bible has quite a bit to say about the moral choices that must be made in the acquisition, use, and sale of property.

OUR GOD GIVEN RIGHT TO PROPERTY

When God drove Adam out of the garden of Eden, telling him that because of sin he must henceforth live by his labor [the sweat of his brow] God, in effect, gave to Adam and his descendants the fruit of their labor (Genesis 3:17-19). Furthermore, the commandment "Thou shalt not steal" makes it clear that we have a God-given right to keep the fruit of our labor (Exodus 20:15). And, Frederic Bastiat [in his classic essay "The Law"] developed a compelling case for freedom by unfolding the conclusions that follow logically from our God given right to property.

The Bible not only makes it clear that we have a right to keep the fruit of our labor, but also a right to pass on what we have acquired to our descendants. Therefore, it should be obvious that those who would deny us what God has given us are motivated by evil, and any economic ideology that justifies such evil should be condemned as sin.

THE BLESSING OF GOD

"The blessing of the Lord, it maketh rich, and He addeth no sorrow with it." (Proverbs 10:22)

          One marked difference between Biblical and non-Biblical economic thought is the belief that wealth comes from God. In cultures that equate wealth with money, it is usually assumed that since the amount of money is limited, one can only acquire more of it at the expense of someone else. That assumption is at the root of communism, and its satanic claim that the rich get rich by taking wealth from others. It is also the reason some offer shoddy merchandise at high prices. Nevertheless, that way of thinking has no place in Biblical economics.

A careful reading of Scripture makes it clear that wealth often consists of things other than money, and it does not have to be acquired at someone else’s expense. For example: Abraham’s wealth consisted of his flocks and herds, rather than money. And, his wealth increased as his flocks and herds increased. Therefore, it should be obvious that his wealth came, not at the expense of someone else, but with the blessing of God. In fact, he often came out on the short end of a deal, yet he prospered (Genesis 13:7-12, Genesis 14:23, Genesis 21:25-31).

Because of the Bible’s influence on our culture, making certain that the customer is satisfied and feels that he has gotten his money’s worth is seen as good business, while trying to profit at someone else’s expense is regarded as dishonest. Of course, there will always be people who are dishonest, but experience has shown that it is more profitable in the long run to give equal value for value received than it is to put out shoddy merchandise. For that reason, most American businesses try to produce a good product and seek to build a reputation for quality. The result of that business philosophy is a commercial environment in which every transaction is profitable for both buyer and seller. The buyer gains by acquiring a quality product, the seller gains by making a profit and in the end the whole economy prospers.

THE FREEDOM TO LIVE QUIET AND PEACEABLE LIVES

"That we might lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty." (1 Timothy 2:2)

Because of sin, the natural tendency of man is to offer low quality at a high price, rather than high quality at a low price. However, God has provided the remedy for this inborn greed in freedom, not in regulation. Whenever freedom exists, those who offer poor quality or charge high prices invite competition. Sooner or later someone is going to offer better quality at a lower price. For that reason, when businesses are in competition they must vie with one another to offer the best product at the lowest cost. As a result, any company that fails to compete will soon find itself out of business. Therefore, it should be obvious that free competition does not produce greed, but actually reduces it. Because of competition the company I worked for was continually trying to cut costs while improving quality.

In the past, some businesses that were unwilling to compete used violence to stifle free competition. In fact, one of the first unions (the barbers’ union) consisted of shopkeepers who agreed to jack up their prices while destroying the shops of those who dared to offer a lower price. Over the years, various other businesses have done essentially the same thing, proving time and again that greed not only does not thrive on freedom but actively seeks to do away with freedom. Furthermore, since the legitimate role of government is to condemn and punish the violence of such men, it is to our shame that it is rarely punished.

GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT AND GREED

Those who do not understand the purpose or benefit of free competition often assume that government involvement in the economy is the solution to greed. However, what they fail to realize is that whenever government is given the authority to infringe upon our freedom, instead of ending greed it becomes a tool of the greedy.

For example, in 1925 any person living in New York City was free to paint the word "TAXI" on the side of his car and go into business for himself. While such freedom was a boon to individuals who needed work, the large cab companies did not want independent cab drivers cutting into their profits. Therefore, (driven by greed) they sought legislation that would limit the number of people who could drive a cab on the streets of New York. As a result, anyone now wanting to drive his own cab must pay a license fee amounting to over sixty thousand dollars.

A few years ago, I mentioned this to a man who said, "It is funny you should mention that because my son drives for one of the big cab companies in New York City. While he takes in a lot of money every day, most of it goes to the cab company. For that reason, he tried to get a license to drive his own cab and found out for himself that a license not only costs over sixty thousand dollars, but the city only issues a few each year and the big cab companies grab them up." In other words, government involvement simply institutionalized greed.

From a Biblical point of view, such exorbitant licensing fees are nothing more than institutionalized bribes, and such bribes are just another way of oppressing the poor (Proverbs 29:4, Isaiah 1:23, 1 Samuel 8:3, Psalm 12:5, Ecclesiastes 5:8)

Early in the twentieth century Optometry was an attractive profession. At that time, those who wanted to enter that profession needed only to learn how to give a simple eye test (which consisted of having the customer look through a series of lenses in order to determine which was best) and how to grind lenses to match that prescription. As a result, many people were entering that field. However, optometrists who did not want to compete sought legislation that would make it more difficult to enter that field. First laws were passed requiring two years of education, then four, and now (in some states) six. Yet the simple fact is that most of that training is unnecessary. Therefore, this is just another example of how greed uses government to take away freedom. [Those who think that eye care is better because of this training are confusing the role of an eye doctor with the role of a person who makes glasses.]

A few years ago, an immigrant farmer was arrested, allegedly for running over the nest of a kangaroo rat with his tractor. His tractor was then confiscated (stolen), and the company that sold him the tractor was sued. However, what kind of justice is that! At most, the farmer only made a simple mistake. He certainly did nothing the Bible would classify as criminal! And the tractor dealer did nothing illegal. Therefore, from a Biblical point of view, the law in that case was used to both oppress and rob the innocent. As in the case of Naboth, the only crime committed, was committed by those in government (1 Kings 21:1-19).

[Note: "THE READER’S DIGEST" has carried several articles, over the years, that describe actual cases in which law abiding people have been robbed and oppressed by our government. The latest of those articles is entitled, "Guilty Until Proven Innocent" (see the March 2000 issue).]

CLASS ENVY

While the people of our nation once admired the wealthy, today the rich are often spoken of with contempt, and those who are blinded by such contempt are easily manipulated by the unscrupulous. As a result, whenever a bill that would reduce taxes is introduced into Congress, all the media has to do is yell, "Tax breaks for the rich" and support for the bill dies. What those who oppose such bills fail to see is that any fair and honest attempt to reduce taxes – one that reduces taxes for rich and poor alike – will contain tax breaks for the rich, therefore, by opposing such tax breaks they are only hurting themselves.

In the same vein, class envy often leads juries, whose chief aim should be justice, to condemn the innocent while allowing the guilty to go free. For example, a few years ago a woman who had cut her finger on a tin can, sued the company that made the can. The suit was ridiculous because it was the woman, not the company, who put the sharp edge on the can (with her can opener). The can, as it was when she bought it, could not have cut anyone, therefore, if anyone was guilty, she was! However, an envy-blinded jury awarded that woman eleven million dollars. From God’s point of view, that woman, and her lawyer, used the law to steal from the can company, while the jury was a party to the crime (Psalm 50:18, Proverbs 29:24, Exodus 20:15).

The same can be said of attempts to sue gun manufacturers because a few criminals misuse their product. Because the lawyers and politicians who initiate such cases refuse to even consider the many lives that guns save each year, it is obvious that their real aim is not justice, but theft.

While we have a God-given right to pass our possessions on to our children (or to anyone else) those who envy the wealth of others would like to have the government confiscate our inheritance (Galatians 3:15, 2 Corinthians 12:14). At the same time, unscrupulous politicians want to get their hand in the till and, therefore, they pander to envy by enacting taxes that confiscate a portion of every inheritance. In fact, one presidential candidate seriously advocated total confiscation of any inheritance valued at more than five hundred thousand dollars. Nevertheless, from a biblical point of view such confiscation is nothing more than legalized theft (Ezekiel 46:18, Micah 2:2, Ezekiel 22:29, Exodus 20:15)  

Envy is one of the most common, yet least talked about, sins of our present age.

THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE ECONOMY

Government was instituted as an instrument of God’s wrath, not His mercy, and those who carry out that wrath are assigned a different role in society than the one we, as individual citizens, are allowed to fill. However, in carrying out that role it must be understood that God ordained government to punish crime, not to take away freedom in the name of preventing crime (Romans 13:1-4, 1 Peter 2:14). Since it is easy to justify tyranny in the name of preventing crime, the entire nation could be turned into a prison in the name of preventing crime. In fact, if the government put every citizen in solitary confinement all crimes would cease; all crimes except those committed by government.

Because the proper role of government is that of divine avenger, the God given role of government is to punish murderers of fathers, murders of mothers, manslayers, whoremongers, perverts, kidnappers, slavers, and all who are guilty of theft, fraud, perjury, and so forth (1 Timothy 1:9-10, Deuteronomy 24:7). Outside of that role, God wants the government to leave law-abiding citizens alone so that they are free to live quiet and peaceable lives in all godliness and honesty (1 Timothy 2:2). That being the case, attempts to punish [i.e. regulate] law-abiding citizens in the name of preventing crime are not in accord with the will of God (Deuteronomy 25:1, Job 34:17, Deuteronomy 16:18)

Since air and water belong to everyone, and the land belongs to future generations as well as ours, the government has a legitimate role to play in dealing with those who would rob us of clean air and water by polluting it, and those who would destroy the land through chemical poisoning or irresponsible mining practices (2 Kings 3:19, Genesis 21:25, Exodus 15:23, Exodus 21:34-36, 1 Kings 21:3). However, the aim of government must be to deal with the guilty, not to regulate the innocent. Therefore, the scope of its authority needs to be limited to actual problems, to the exclusion of imaginary scenarios (such as "global warming"). Its aim also has to be the protection of individuals, not an attempt to protect the environment from people. There is no limit to the amount of tyranny that can be justified in the name of dealing with imaginary problems, or protecting the environment from humans. Furthermore, because the power of government can be easily abused, such problems are best dealt with on the local level.

The Government also has a legitimate role to play in protecting its citizens from employers that endanger their health by unsafe working conditions, or excessive overtime. There is also a need to see that fair compensation is provided for those who suffer on-the-job injuries, and that employees are not robbed (Exodus 21:34- 36, James 5:4, Malachi 3:5, Psalm 21:5). However, here again, such problems are best dealt with locally by officials who are answerable to the people.  And, if the local officials are corrupt, it is up to the people to correct the problem. Assuming that a more centralized level of government will be less corrupt is a fool’s delusion. We have to deal with sin in every level of government.

While those who administer the power of government deserve to be paid, and to be reimbursed for their expenses, the Bible makes it clear that they are not to use the power to tax either to make themselves rich, or to appear as benefactors at taxpayer expense (Exodus 20:15, Luke 22:25-26).

SATANIC TWISTING OF GOD’S WORD

By using the Word of God to justify evil, those who twist the Word of God to justify communist and socialist tyranny are taking the name of God in vain (Exodus 20:7).

They twist Christ’s statement to the rich man, "Go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come follow Me," by using it to advocate a forceful redistribution of the wealth (Matthew 19:21, Mark 10:21, Luke 18:22).

          We know that they are twisting this verse because Jesus never tried to take this man’s money by force, nor did He advocate that anyone else should do so. Furthermore, by interpreting this verse to justify theft by government, they are interpreting it to contradict all of the passages that condemn theft (Luke 22:25-26, Exodus 20:15).

          When we examine the context, in order to determine the intended meaning, the words "trust in riches" tell us that the rich man rested his assurance of salvation on the belief that his wealth was evidence of God’s favor. Knowing that, Jesus asked him to do something that would end his trust in riches, while requiring faith in Christ (Mark 10:24, 1Timothy 6:17, Psalm 49:6-8). Therefore, Jesus’ aim was not to help the poor (few would have been helped) but to save the rich man.

They also twist the statement, "And all that believed were together, and had all things common; And sold their possessions and goods, and parted them to all as every man had need," to advocate a forced community of goods (Acts 2:44-45, see also Acts 4:32).

          We know they are twisting those words because the people who "had all things common" were never forced to share, but instead did it willingly. In contrast, those who would use these words to forcefully redistribute the wealth would use governmental violence in the name of "compassion" while robbing men of the fruit of their labor, and that is little more than hatred cloaked in self-righteousness. Thus, by using the Word of God to justify evil, they again take God’s name in vain.

When we examine the context, in order to determine the intended meaning, it is clear that what is being described in Acts 2:44-45 is voluntary sharing rather than common ownership. We know that because we are told that individual members of the congregation continued to own property (Acts 5:1-4), and that some were poor (Romans 15:26).

Because these passages say nothing about the state, they make it clear that charity is the work of the church, not the state. Therefore, those who would use charity as an excuse for the state to take property by force, not only justify evil but also violate the Biblical distinction between church and state (Luke 22:25-26, Exodus 20:15).

WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS

In regard to the economy, the Bible affirms our right to property, and condemns:

Corruption and theft on the part of rulers, (Isaiah 1:23, 2 Chronicles 19:7, 1 Samuel 8:3, Isaiah 33:15, Proverbs 15:27, Proverbs 29:4, Isaiah 1:23).

Dishonesty and theft on the part of employers, (Isaiah 1:22, Psalm 10:7, Isaiah 30:12, James 5:4, Proverbs 11:1, Leviticus 19:36, Deuteronomy 25:13, Proverbs 16:11, Proverbs 20:10, Proverbs 20:23, Micah 6:11, Hosea 12:7, Amos 8:5, Ezekiel 45:10, James 5:4, Malachi 3:5).

And all oppression (Isaiah 30:12, Psalm 3:31, Job 36:15, Jeremiah 22:17, Ezekiel 22:29, Ecclesiastes 4:1, Ezekiel 45:8, Psalm 12:5, Ecclesiastes 5:8, Psalm 62:10, Psalm 119:134, Ezekiel 46:18, Micah 2:2, Psalm 72:4).

The Bible also tells us that we should work to eat our own bread (2 Thessalonians 3:12), that those who refuse to work should not be fed by the community (2Thessalonians 3:10), that rulers should not attempt to be benefactors at someone else’s expense (Luke 22:25-26), and that the laborer is worthy of his hire. (Luke 10:7, 1 Timothy 5:18)

CONCLUSION

The Bible calls for honest business practices, fair and honest treatment of employees, and the freedom to lead quiet and peaceable lives in all godliness and honesty. At the same time, it condemns any ideology that would rob us of our property or deny us the fruit of our labor. Furthermore, the only government ever established by God (under the judges) had a free economy.